Africa



** What did you learn about Imperialism in Africa **?

** Essential Questions **:


 * **How can political change cause conflict**
 * It can cause conflict because by changing something politically like the system that means you are changing the way people of that country live. And some of those people might not like the change forming a conflict between the government and the citizens. It could possibly put someone into power that citizens do not particularly agree with or support.
 * **How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**
 * The development mainly impacts people because it gives the ground for people to grab and hold onto the things that they feel are most important.
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**
 * They are both intertwined because if someone has a bad relationship politically they might not want to trade with them for example North Korea and The United States.
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**
 * Common enemy, catastrophes,

__ ** ialism in Africa: ** __ > European empires had strong economies while Africans didn't > Slave trade led to inter-tribal warfare > Rubber and petroleum were valued African resources > Missionaries opened hospitals and schools throughout colonies > Belgian Congo: worst oppression, harvesting ivory and rubber > Heart of Darkness: Congo corrupts people, the evils of imperialism > Ethiopia and Liberia were only nations to resist imperialism
 * "Scramble for Africa"
 * 16th century = first real colonization of Africa
 * Industrialization lead to the wanting for more colonial land
 * European industrialization needed raw materials to fuel the industries of the 1900s, which they could get from Africa
 * Diseases, no horses, and useless guns meant that the Europeans couldn't take over African land
 * Once steamships, the Maxim machine gun, and disease treatments came about, the Europeans actually conquered most of Africa
 * Europeans used indirect rule through intermediaries to rule their colonial countries
 * These intermediaries actually did still have control, but could easily be replaced by Europeans
 * Any resistance against the Europeans could easily be crushed by the overwhelming European power
 * Ethiopian's were able to stand against the Italians using European technology
 * Imperialism allows for us to have cheap products made in countries outside of the Western World
 * Europeans brutally slayed Africans in order to achieve resource dominance

// ** "Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire." ** //


 * By Karl Liebknecht **


 * Response: ** This quote refers to the fact that European imperialism was an overwhelming force at its height. When a colony was established by the Europeans, they would then have free reign over the peoples of the colony, destroying their livelihoods and cultures in order to make a profit. Any resistance would be thoroughly wiped out by the superior European military might, and once the colony was out of resources it would be abandoned.

Graphic Organizer

 * Reasons for Imperialism in Africa: **


 * 1) ** Economic Interests **
 * Economic interests were, in my opinion, the main driving force behind the imperialist land-grab in Africa, because of how the world was changing in Europe during this time period. The Industrial Revolution was the new driving force for economic dominance after the death of the African slave trade. The Industrial Revolution was a time when resources such as coal and metals were in extremely high demand, due to the need to produce manufactured goods. With a massive, unclaimed continent to their south, European nations would have been blind fools to not seek to exploit the natural resources of Africa when it would be so incredibly easy to do so. Furthermore, if the governments of the European nations weren't so willing to try and colonize, the entrepreneurs of these nations, who were ready to take massive risks to make a profit, would take the first steps. With a secure position established by these people, the European governments could disguise imperialism as simply protecting their countrymen's interests. While cultural superiority was important, without helping to turn a profit, there'd be no reason to actually support imperialism based on something that couldn't pay the entire nation's bills. Political dominance was in the same position as culture, because while having respect and land is important for a powerful empire, having resources to fuel their economies tops all; without a strong, modern economy, no nation, regardless of the size or amount of land that they owned, could dominate.


 * 1) ** Cultural Motives **
 * 2) ** Political Competition **

"The White Man's Burden" Questions:
> //Go send your sons to exile ,// > //To serve your captive’s need" //
 * 1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”? **
 * The "White Man's Burden" was to go to the uncivilized peoples that they conquered and bring them knowledge and civilization, bettering them as a race.
 * 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? **
 * The reward would be the knowledge that the white men have done everything that they could have to bring the savages to civilization, in turn gaining them recognition and praise from their fellow white men.
 * 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? **
 * Kipling thought that the poem would be read by Senators and other government officials in order to influence them to vote in favor of US imperialism. This audience might have said that Kipling was either a truly heroic speaker or a misguided dreamer, because there were those in the government that wanted US imperialism and those that wanted nothing to do with the "lesser" peoples of the world, thinking that they'd never be able to become civilized.
 * 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why? **
 * //"Send forth the best ye breed ,//
 * I found these lines to be the most interesting, because they express the idea that the "white man's burden" would need to be accomplished through the use of the best-of-the-best of the white people, which speaks about the faith that Kipling had in his imperialist mind for his plan: the white people would be doing the best that they could to bring civilization to the savages, including using their future generations to accomplish this goal.

//** "The Black Man's Burden" Message: **// The message of this poem is that the white man is being a hypocritical race of people. They want to help the savages, but they use overwhelming force in the form of "**//fearless armies//**" and "**//bullets//**" to suppress people using "**//clubs and arrows//**". The white man wants to bring the savages to civilization, but take a look at the "**//Red Man//**", who the white man had almost exterminated in order to "civilize" them. The burden will always land back on the Black Man, no matter what.

//** Primary Sources on African Imperialism: **// Quote from Haille Selassie:

Jules Ferry's Speech:
 * **What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?**
 * **Why might the author be making this statement?**
 * **How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.**
 * **Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?**
 * **What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?**
 * **Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?**
 * **What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?**

//**Describe the significance of the Berlin Conference in 5 words:**//
 * 1) Division
 * 2) Regulation
 * 3) Beneficial
 * 4) Trade
 * 5) Bittersweet

// " Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference //// of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered //// that has made it possible for evil to triumph." //** Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ** Questions to consider ** : **
 * What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?
 * The perspective of the author in this quote is that for every time "evil" succeeded it was because of someone who had the power to change it by the action of speaking out against it or acted upon it and as long as people stay silent justice will as well. He also states when he says "the indifference of those who should have known better" he means that people should have thought about what they were doing before they acted.
 * Why might the author be making this statement?
 * The author is making this statement because he can see all these neighboring countries being overrun by these European countries and he's forced to say what he thinks because it's not right that this nation is being overrun like this.
 * How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.
 * This relates to Imperialism in Africa because the whole situation Africa faced where they were split up and owned by different countries, that could've been prevented by having someone act against it, like say the UN.

**"On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)** // Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races... // // I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But inour time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty. //

// I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do without safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world. //


 * Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?
 * The author of this piece is Jules Ferry. His viewpoint is that what ever was happening in Africa was okay because it was their "job" to do what they were doing in Africa.
 * What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?
 * He gives the history of the earlier centuries specifically when the Spanish soldiers introduced slavery into central america.
 * Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?
 * He is giving this speech to offer reasons why imperialism must exist and why there must be stronger countries.
 * What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?



Letter to Sir George Grey
@https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qytRFROsLW9PZ0VPjY3rwgVUHDGJu5oQ_1So47DCaGs/edit?usp=sharing